Artificial Reefs Reduce Morbidity and Mortality of Small Cultured Sea Cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus at High Temperature

Summer mortality and morbidity are serious environment-related problems in cultured sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus). Air exposure probably worsens the impact of high temperature on cucumbers. In this present study, two laboratory experiments were designed to investigate effects artificial reefs mortality, morbidity, crawling, feeding, adhesion behaviors small (~1 g wet body weight) after air disease outbreaks at 25 °C, respectively. Significantly lower occurred group with compared those without experiments. This study found that stressed inside showed a significantly higher index, feeding behavior, crawling frequency than reefs. challenge assays, index °C. Feeding, outside not different from The experimental results indicate good fitness-related may be less affected by more likely move into crevices Fitness-related poor reefs, so we considered them as individuals. Thus, provide place reduce physical contact between unaffected diseased/affected individuals, showing potential transmission. Our establishes cost-effective approach increasing survival seed production temperatures.